Children in the British Colony of
India
The 19th Century: The New
Imperialism
BACKGROUND: New v. Old Imperialism; impact of the French
Revolution
THE NEW IMPERIALISM:
Methods of control
- colony
- protectorate
- spheres of influence
Motives
- New sources of raw materials
- Cheap labor
- New industrial markets
- New areas of investment
- Strategic considerations
- National prestige
Justifications
- Christianization
- White Man’s Burden (Kipling)
LINKS: Imperialism and the Industrial
Revolution
AREAS OF IMPERIAL ACTIVITY:
AFRICA: divided 1870-1910
- England: Egypt; Anglo-Egyptian Sudan;
South Africa; Nigeria; Kenya
Method of control: protectorate
- France: West Africa; Morocco; Tunisia;
Algeria
Method of control: the colony
Method of control: the colony
- Germany: Cameroons; Southwest Africa;
German East Africa
Method of control: the colony
ASIA:
Middle East:
Ottomans lose most of North Africa
Iran: England, Russia divide into spheres of influence in 1907
Afghanistan: placed under British sphere of influence, late 19th
century
India: 1857: Sepoy Revolt a British victory. 1858 India becomes a royal
colony
Southeast Asia:
Vietnam, Cambodia taken by France
Burma, Singapore by Britain
China:
Canton system; imbalance in trade to disadvantage of British; opium replaces
cotton
in British triangular trade
First Opium War, 1839-1842: Treaty of Nanking; five treaty ports
opened. British goods have
favored status in China; Britain gains Hong Kong
Second Opium War, 1856-1860: additional treaty ports opened
Chinese-Japanese War, 1894-95: Chinese defeat; China divided into spheres of
influence; Open
Door policy statement by the United States
THE IMPACT OF IMPERIALISM
